Theory: answer each printed part. For drawings, upload a clear photo of your sketch on the supplied figure; show working and units for calculations.
(a)
Venus orbits the Sun at constant speed 3.5 × 10⁴ m/s, at radius 1.1 × 10¹¹ m. Its orbital period is Tᵥ.
Calculate Tᵥ, the period of one orbit, in seconds.
Answer guidance
Calculate Show your working. The method can earn marks even when the final value is wrong, and a bare answer often cannot.
[2 marks]
(b)
Explain why speed is a scalar.
Answer guidance
Explain Give reasons, not just what happens. Each distinct reason is usually worth a mark.
[1 mark]
(c)(i)
Explain how Venus’s velocity changes as it orbits the Sun.
Answer guidance
Explain Give reasons, not just what happens. Each distinct reason is usually worth a mark.
[2 marks]
(c)(ii)
The resultant force is perpendicular to Venus’s motion. State why this force is needed.
Answer guidance
State A short answer. No explanation is needed, and adding one cannot earn extra marks.
[1 mark]
(c)(iii)Read question and case materials as text
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Venus orbits the Sun at constant speed 3.5 × 10⁴ m/s, at radius 1.1 × 10¹¹ m. Its orbital period is Tᵥ.
On Fig. 9.1, draw an arrow on Venus showing the direction of its resultant force.
On Fig. 9.1, draw an arrow on Venus showing the direction of its resultant force.
Fig. 9.1
[1 mark]
(c)(iv)
State what causes the force on Venus.
Answer guidance
State A short answer. No explanation is needed, and adding one cannot earn extra marks.
[2 marks]
(d)(i)
Name the planet closer to the Sun than Venus.
Answer guidance
State A short answer. No explanation is needed, and adding one cannot earn extra marks.
[1 mark]
(d)(ii)
Compare that planet’s orbital period with Tᵥ and explain the difference.
Answer guidance
Compare Say something about both, and make the comparison explicit rather than leaving it implied.
[2 marks]
5054/21/O/N/23Cambridge O Level Physics 5054 · Oct/Nov 2023 · Paper 2 variant 1 · Question 9